Journal: ACS Nano

Article Title: Fully Screen-Printed and Gentle-to-Skin Wet ECG Electrodes with Compact Wireless Readout for Cardiac Diagnosis and Remote Monitoring

doi: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12477

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic of the developed ECG system. (a) Fabrication process of the ECG electrodes. (b) Complete ECG system comprising the ECG electrodes, electrode interface, and PCB packed inside a 3D-printed AoP. The inset shows the details of each component. (c) Operation of the ECG system, which acquires the ECG signal and sends data to a dedicated server via a smartphone app. Printed with permission from H. H. Hwang, scientific illustrator. The illustration was created after receiving input from one of the authors and using real pictures of the ECG system. One of the authors provided a rough sketch of the illustration and also labeled all the components of the figure.

Article Snippet: It is evident that both KAUST single-lead ECG (PR interval = 110) and commercial single-lead ECG detected a short PR interval (PR interval = 98).

Techniques: Labeling

Journal: ACS Nano

Article Title: Fully Screen-Printed and Gentle-to-Skin Wet ECG Electrodes with Compact Wireless Readout for Cardiac Diagnosis and Remote Monitoring

doi: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12477

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fabrication and characterization of ECG electrodes. (a) Inks used for screen-printing of electrodes. (b) Electrode comprising conductive AgNWs, ECG electrode gel, and adhesive gel screen-printed on a plastic substrate. (c) Flexible fully screen-printed ECG electrodes. (d) ECG signal from an adult volunteer using pairs of screen-printed square and circular electrodes as well as commercial ECG electrodes. The ECG electrodes were placed on the volunteer’s chest at a center-to-center distance of 8 cm. (e) Characteristic peak amplitudes of the ECG signals (P, Q, R, S, and T) from the electrodes. The error bars show the standard deviation of peak amplitudes calculated for a 10 s ECG with each type of electrode. (f) Normal sinus rhythm ECG wave with characteristic ECG peaks (P, Q, R, S, and T) for each electrode type. (g) Removal of the screen-printed ECG electrode and a commercially available ECG electrode ( Supporting Information Videos 2 and 3 ). The bar graph illustrates the force required to remove the commercial ECG electrode and the gentle-to-skin-screen-printed ECG electrode. The measurements were conducted by using a universal testing machine (ZwickRoell Z0.5 TN) with a strain rate of 20 mm/min.

Article Snippet: It is evident that both KAUST single-lead ECG (PR interval = 110) and commercial single-lead ECG detected a short PR interval (PR interval = 98).

Techniques: Adhesive, Standard Deviation, Gentle

Journal: ACS Nano

Article Title: Fully Screen-Printed and Gentle-to-Skin Wet ECG Electrodes with Compact Wireless Readout for Cardiac Diagnosis and Remote Monitoring

doi: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12477

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overview of ECG system and components. (a) Conceptual diagram of the ECG monitoring system. (b) PCB of wireless ECG readout device comprising four signal layers on a fiberglass epoxy (FR4) board with a thickness of 0.4 mm and containing through, buried, and blind vias to interconnect signal layers. (c) Interface connecting the ECG electrodes with the PCB without the need for traditional snap connectors. The electrodes are placed face down on the pogo pins. A small pillar in the center of the pogo pins aligns the electrodes, which make pressure contact due to the presence of the base and top magnets.

Article Snippet: It is evident that both KAUST single-lead ECG (PR interval = 110) and commercial single-lead ECG detected a short PR interval (PR interval = 98).

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Nano

Article Title: Fully Screen-Printed and Gentle-to-Skin Wet ECG Electrodes with Compact Wireless Readout for Cardiac Diagnosis and Remote Monitoring

doi: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12477

Figure Lengend Snippet: Adult volunteer single-lead ECG study. (a) Wearable ECG system attached to the chest of a volunteer and snapshots from the mobile app. (b) ECG data obtained from the volunteer at rest, exercise, and rest state. (c) Heart rate obtained using the data from b. The heart rate was calculated in the 10 s intervals between the rest, exercise, and rest. (d) ECG data from volunteer sitting in a work environment and wearing the ECG system for more than 1 h. (e) Long-term wearability of the printed wet ECG electrode. (f) Normalized R-peak values calculated for the printed wet ECG electrode and commercial ECG electrode. (g) Pictures taken after the removal of the printed wet ECG electrode and the commercial ECG electrode following 24 h of wear.

Article Snippet: It is evident that both KAUST single-lead ECG (PR interval = 110) and commercial single-lead ECG detected a short PR interval (PR interval = 98).

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Nano

Article Title: Fully Screen-Printed and Gentle-to-Skin Wet ECG Electrodes with Compact Wireless Readout for Cardiac Diagnosis and Remote Monitoring

doi: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12477

Figure Lengend Snippet: KAUST single-lead and commercial single-lead ECG comparisons between different volunteers. The ECG data from three volunteers were selected to show the normal ECG and detection of abnormalities such as early repolarization and short PR in the ECG. The abnormalities of early repolarization and short PR in the ECG are pointed out by dotted circles.

Article Snippet: It is evident that both KAUST single-lead ECG (PR interval = 110) and commercial single-lead ECG detected a short PR interval (PR interval = 98).

Techniques:

Journal: ACS Nano

Article Title: Fully Screen-Printed and Gentle-to-Skin Wet ECG Electrodes with Compact Wireless Readout for Cardiac Diagnosis and Remote Monitoring

doi: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12477

Figure Lengend Snippet: Adult volunteer 12-lead ECG study. (a) Gentle-to-skin ECG electrodes were tested on a volunteer using a 12-lead ECG system. (b) A custom-developed electrode interface utilized to connect the gentle-to-skin ECG electrodes with the 12-lead ECG system, based on the same concept of connection illustrated in Figures and . (c) ECG data obtained from the 12-lead ECG system with gentle-to-skin ECG electrodes and commercially available ECG electrodes. The sample information was hidden from the cardiologists for a blind review. The green arrows show normal R and S wave amplitudes, and red arrows show lead V4, where the R wave is smaller than the S wave, which is evidence of poor R wave progression. (d) Single-lead ECG from volunteer 17 using the KAUST single-lead ECG system and commercial single-lead ECG system showing that poor R wave progression cannot be detected in the single lead.

Article Snippet: It is evident that both KAUST single-lead ECG (PR interval = 110) and commercial single-lead ECG detected a short PR interval (PR interval = 98).

Techniques: Gentle

Journal: ACS Nano

Article Title: Fully Screen-Printed and Gentle-to-Skin Wet ECG Electrodes with Compact Wireless Readout for Cardiac Diagnosis and Remote Monitoring

doi: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12477

Figure Lengend Snippet: Volunteer Feedback on the Ease of Removal and Pain with the Commercial and Gentle-to-Skin ECG Electrodes

Article Snippet: It is evident that both KAUST single-lead ECG (PR interval = 110) and commercial single-lead ECG detected a short PR interval (PR interval = 98).

Techniques: Gentle